Threshing:
Because of the layout of paddies and the size of individual farms it's not possible to use a mechanized thresher. Hand threshing is more economical and efficient. The bulk of the crop is chaff so hauling to a central location thresh would be expensive. The rice can be threshed in the field or carried home when close by which is often the case to be threshed in the front yard. The chaff is burnt and the ash distributed over the field. At this time of year there is a great deal of burning causing pollution.
Road threshing. Winnowing done on a later step.
Machine winnowing, separating the brown outer from the white kernel,
The
